The FWHM of the pulse height distribution at the initial stage of testing can be used as a good criterion for the selection of operating bias voltage of the channel electron multiplier
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(auth)Įxponential decay and exponential recovery of modal gains in high count rate channel electron multipliersĪ series of data on high count rate channel electron multipliers revealed an initial drop and subsequent recovery of gains in exponential fashion. The CEM can be used in multi-channel photomultipliers, multi-channel light intensifiers, ion detection, spectroscopy, analysis of time of flight events, particle detection or Cherenkov imaging detectors. The activation of the metallic dynodes enhances their secondary electron emission (SEE). The Multi Layer Ceramic Technique (MLCT) allows to build metallic dynodes inside a compact ceramic block. The Ceramic Electron Multipliers (CEM) is a compact, robust, linear and fast multi-channel electron multiplier. The highest amplitude resolution is inherent in a separate-anode circuit where the loading resistance is connected directly to the channel outlet The studies have shown that the maximum gain factor is typical of an open-output circuit where the signal is recorded from the anode of the channel electron multiplier at a potential with respect to the channel outlet.
A dependence of a gain factor and amplitude resolution of the channel electron multiplier upon its connection diagram is studied.
Pulse counting and analog modes of operation were both investigated and in each case the observed spin effects were less than 0.5%Įffect of the channel electron multiplier connection diagram on its parametersīasic alternatives of connection of a channel electron multiplier are described. Four regions of the multiplier cone were examined using polarized electrons at 100-eV incident energy. We report direct measurements of the sensitivity of a channel electron multiplier to electrons with different spin orientations. Spin sensitivity of a channel electron multiplier Other operational advantages are described A very important advantage, particularly in making multiple-channel multipliers, is the simplicity of the procedure that may be used in constructing such multipliers. Both single-channel and multiple-channel electron multipliers are described. The thickness of the low-resistive rings is many times larger than that of the high-resistive rings, being in the order of tens of microns for the low-resistive rings and at least one order of magnitude lower for the high-resistive rings and the diameter of the channel tubular walls is also many times larger than the thickness of the high-resistive rings.
Grinberg, J.Ī channel electron multiplier is described having a tubular wall coated with a secondary-electron emitting material and including an electric field for accelerating the electrons, the electric field comprising a plurality of low-resistive conductive rings each alternating with a high-resistive insulating ring. International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
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